GMO foods and crops: Africa’s choice

•In Africa, by contrast, 60% of all citizens are still farmers and they are not yet highly productive. •Bilateral foreign assistance is the first channel of external influence on Africa. •A second channel of external influence has been multilateral technical assistance. •A third channel of external influence has been advocacy campaigns against GMOs from international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), the most active of which are headquartered in Europe. •The final channel of external influence is cultural. •Africa has a choice to make independent decisions regarding GMO foods and crops as well.