Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a successful and fast-growing sector in a tourism industry. Over the past 15 years ecotourism grows three times faster than whole tourism industry (Blangy & Metha, 2006). The reason of growing is because ecotourism is focusing on responsibility for environment (Honey, 1999). How to understand it better, what is ecotourism? To describe this type of tourism, there will be characterized what it is based on, what is related to, which sub forms are compared to ecotourism and what activities are included.

In the beginning, as there are a lot of definitions of ecotourism (Figure 1 & 2), it is important to mention, that ecotourism is based on nature, sustainably managed, environmentally educated and usually for only small groups. It includes positive environment ethic, minimizes impact, respects local cultures and economics, supports the national human rights, cares about ecological and social sustainability. There are many explanations, but Hector Ceballos - Lascurain created the very first and formal ecotourism’s definition in 1983: “travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objective of studying, admiring, and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations (both past and present) found in these areas” (Lascurain, 1987). Ecotourism has been compared to many similar tourism forms. It is related to adventure, wildlife, farm, culture and nature tourism (Higham, 2007) and it is also a sub-form of sustainable tourism which is basically described as minimal use of natural resources (UNEP & WTO, 2005); nature – outdoor activities with practical use of natural resources when travelling (Ingram & Durst, 1987) and cultural tourism – studying about the culture while travelling (McIntosh & Goeldner, 1990).

Now continuing, ecotourism consists of various activities. The most important thing – closer travels from home leaves smaller footprint than travelling all around the world. But even so, there are so many different tours offering tour packages without the negative impacts to the environmental. This includes wilderness adventures – hiking, trekking in the parks or mountains, wildlife viewing – opportunity to view the local life of animals such as watch the whales, birds, turtles or even gorillas, in their own environment. It is possible to join a personal growth trips in ecotourism centers, for example, yoga or holistic retreats. Another point is that air travel is often the most polluting part of a trip, however, there are many alternative transportations such as train, bus, bike, public transport or even a car will leave a smaller carbon footprint. Nowadays, many of travel modes or activities are forgotten, on the other hand it is important to try not use a motor, but something what is human-, wind- or solar-powered as it does not damage the environment too badly. (Noami Judd, n.d.)

All in all, ecotourism is an important part of sustainable development which involves a balance between economic, environmental and social goals, ethical values and minimalizes the environment and social impacts of tourism.